Researchers have found that the development of cooperation among pre-historic human beings lowered human testosterone levels and helped develop human cultures.

Testosterone is the male sex hormone. Also an anabolic steroid, testosterone is essential for health and well-being.

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There are a lot of theories about how humans suddenly leapt forward in technology. Researchers wonder if it's because of brain mutations, language development or population increase.

A new study suggests that pre-historic human development could have been caused by the simple act of cooperation and lowered aggression.

Robert Cieri from the University of Utah said technological innovations, art making and cultural exchange seems to have appeared the same time humans become more cooperative with each other.

He explained that prehistoric humans must have been tolerant of each other if they lived closer together and passed down new technologies.

Cieri believes that the key to human success is the human ability to cooperate, get along and learn from each other.

Steven Churchill, who was part of the research, said prehistoric human's heavy brows and rounder heads could have been caused by high testosterone levels acting on the skeleton.

Researchers said they can't identify if pre-historic humans had less testosterone circulations or fewer hormone receptors. But they noted that their argument is in line with established views.

Seeing the process that led to these changes in other animals might help explain who humans are and how humans evolved.

Researchers found the reduction in testosterone levels was evident in the reduction of pre-historic features like a prominent brow ridge and a shortening of the upper face.